Jean Brodie is a teacher at the Marcia Blaine School for Girls in Edinburgh, Scotland in the 1930s. Known for her tendency to romanticize fascist leaders like Benito Mussolini and Francisco Franco, she devotes her time and energy to her four special girls, called the Brodie set: Sandy, Monica, Jenny and Mary McGregor. Mary, a new girl with a stutter, first had troubles with the other three, but eventually all four became close.
The set often go to art museums, theatre, concerts, have picnics on the school lawn, among other things, which rather upsets the school's austere headmistress, Emmeline Mackay, who dislikes the fact that the girls are cultured to the exclusion of hard knowledge, and the Brodie girls seem precocious for their age. She also seems to have a running grudge against Brodie, who has tenure.
Besides working with her girls, Jean catches the eye of music teacher Gordon Lowther, who she and her girls spend a lot of time with at his home in Cramond, a seaside village on the outskirts of Edinburgh. (She sometimes spends the night with Mr. Lowther, although she tries to conceal this from the girls.) Mr. Lowther wants them to get married, but Brodie drags her feet. She still has feelings for her married ex-lover, Teddy Lloyd, who is the art teacher in the senior section of the school.
Also working with Brodie (and all somewhat disapproving of her unorthodox teaching methods and her influence on the girls) were Miss Campbell the gym teacher, the sewing mistresses Miss Ellen and Miss Allison Kerr, Miss McKenzie the strict librarian, and Miss Gaunt the headmistress's mouselike, non-talking secretary. Miss Gaunt's brother is a deacon at Mr. Lowther's church who eventually asks for his resignation as organist and elder because of his relationship with Miss Brodie.
Between the years, Miss Brodie rises to her apex, and also falls, given that Miss Mackay and most of the other teachers and staff at the very conservative school want her to no longer teach there. During the downfall, she loses Mr. Lowther, who gets engaged to Miss Lockhart the chemistry teacher, one of the only teachers at Marcia Blaine who was sympathetic towards Miss Brodie as a person and to her teaching style.
As the Brodie Set grow older and become students in the Senior School, she tries to manoeuvre Jenny and Mr. Lloyd into having an affair, and Sandy into spying on them for her. However it is actually Sandy (who grows resentful of Miss Brodie's praise of Jenny's beauty) who has an affair with Mr. Lloyd. Sandy ends the affair because of Mr. Lloyd's overwhelming obsession with Miss Brodie.
Mary McGregor, influenced by Brodie, sets out to Spain to join her brother who she believes is fighting for Franco, but she is killed when her train is attacked shortly after crossing the frontier. This finally leads Sandy into betraying Miss Brodie to Miss Mackay and the school's board of governors, who finally decide to have Miss Brodie's job terminated.
At the end, Sandy confronts Miss Brodie on her crimes, most especially her manipulation of Mary; her part in her senseless death, for which she is unapologetic; and the harmful influence she exerted on other girls; and adds that Mary's brother is actually fighting for the Spanish Republicans. She then walks out of her classroom, with a frantic Miss Brodie screaming "Assassin!!" at Sandy. Sandy, however, doesn't look back.
After the confrontation, Sandy, Monica, and Jenny graduate along with the other girls. Despite knowing full well that she had betrayed Brodie to Mackay and the board of governors, Sandy did so out of concern for any other girl who could have been a target of Miss Brodie and her fanatical ways, and, perhaps too, resentment over Miss Brodie's preference for Jenny and Teddy Lloyd's unending obsession with Miss Brodie.
At the end of the film as Sandy leaves the school for the last time, her face streaked with angry and bitter tears Miss Brodie (in voiceover) stated her usual motto: "Little girls, I am in the business of putting old heads on young shoulders, and all my pupils are the crème de la crème. Give me a girl at an impressionable age, and she is mine for life."
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